Modulated fibring and the collapsing problem

Fibring is recognized as one of the main mechanisms in combining logics, with great significance in the theory and applications of mathematical logic. However, an open challenge to fibring is posed by the collapsing problem: even when no symbols are shared, certain combinations of logics simply collapse to one of them, indicating that fibring imposes unwanted interconnections between the given logics. Modulated fibring allows a finer control of the combination, solving the collapsing problem both at the semantic and deductive levels. Main properties like soundness and completeness are shown to be preserved, comparison with fibring is discussed, and some important classes of examples are analyzed with respect to the collapsing problem.6741541156

On the Concept of a Notational Variant

In the study of modal and nonclassical logics, translations have frequently been employed as a way of measuring the inferential capabilities of a logic. It is sometimes claimed that two logics are “notational variants” if they are translationally equivalent. However, we will show that this cannot be quite right, since first-order logic and propositional logic are translationally equivalent. Others have claimed that for two logics to be notational variants, they must at least be compositionally intertranslatable. The definition of compositionality these accounts use, however, is too strong, as the standard translation from modal logic to first-order logic is not compositional in this sense. In light of this, we will explore a weaker version of this notion that we will call schematicity and show that there is no schematic translation either from first-order logic to propositional logic or from intuitionistic logic to classical logic

Research priorities in pediatric parenteral nutrition: a consensus and perspective from ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN

Parenteral nutrition is used to treat children that cannot be fully fed by the enteral route. While the revised ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN pediatric parenteral nutrition guidelines provide clear guidance on the use of parenteral nutrition in neonates, infants, and children based on current available evidence, they have helped to crystallize areas where research is lacking or more studies are needed in order to refine recommendations. This paper collates and discusses the research gaps identified by the authors of each section of the guidelines and considers each nutrient or group of nutrients in turn, together with aspects around delivery and organization. The 99 research priorities identified were then ranked in order of importance by clinicians and researchers working in the field using a survey methodology. The highest ranked priority was the need to understand the relationship between total energy intake, rapid catch-up growth, later metabolic function, and neurocognitive outcomes. Research into the optimal intakes of macronutrients needed in order to achieve optimal outcomes also featured prominently. Identifying research priorities in PN should enable research to be focussed on addressing key issues. Multicentre trials, better definition of exposure and outcome variables, and long-term metabolic and developmental follow-up will be key to achieving this. Impact: The recent ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines for pediatric parenteral nutrition provided updated guidance for providing parenteral nutrition to infants and children, including recommendations for practice.However, in several areas there was a lack of evidence to guide practice, or research questions that remained unanswered. This paper summarizes the key priorities for research in pediatric parenteral nutrition, and ranks them in order of importance according to expert opinion

Apnea of prematurity: from cause to treatment

Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a common problem affecting premature infants, likely secondary to a “physiologic” immaturity of respiratory control that may be exacerbated by neonatal disease. These include altered ventilatory responses to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and altered sleep states, while the roles of gastroesophageal reflux and anemia remain controversial. Standard clinical management of the obstructive subtype of AOP includes prone positioning and continuous positive or nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation to prevent pharyngeal collapse and alveolar atelectasis, while methylxanthine therapy is a mainstay of treatment of central apnea by stimulating the central nervous system and respiratory muscle function. Other therapies, including kangaroo care, red blood cell transfusions, and CO2 inhalation, require further study. The physiology and pathophysiology behind AOP are discussed, including the laryngeal chemoreflex and sensitivity to inhibitory neurotransmitters, as are the mechanisms by which different therapies may work and the potential long-term neurodevelopmental consequences of AOP and its treatment

ON PARACONSISTENT DEONTIC LOGIC

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K-2,(2)-K-1,n and K-2,(n)-K-2,n bipartite Ramsey numbers

Some bounds for G(1)-G(2) bipartite Ramsey numbers b(G(1);G(2)) are given, which imply that b(K-2.2;K-1,K-n) = n + q for the range q(2) - q + 1 less than or equal to n less than or equal to q(2), where q is a prime power. Our new construction establishes in particular that b(K-2,K-n;K-2,K-n) = 4n - 3 if 4n - 3 is a prime power, reinforcing a weaker form of a conjecture due to Beineke and Schwenk. Particular relationships between b(G(1);G(2)) and G(1)-G(2) Ramsey numbers are also determined. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. MSG: 05C55.22341699839

SOME RESULTS ON POLARIZED PARTITION RELATIONS OF HIGHER DIMENSION

Several types of polarized partition relations are considered. In particular we deal with partitions defined on cartesian products of more than two factors.39446147

On the Ramsey problem for multicolor bipartite graphs

Given i,j positive integers, let K-i,K-j denote a bipartite complete graph and let R-r(m, n) be the smallest integer a such that for any r-coloring of the edges of K-a,K-a one can always find a monochromatic subgraph isomorphic to K-m,K-n. In other words, if a greater than or equal to R-r(m, n) then every matrix a x a with entries in {0, 1,..., r - 1} always contains a submatrix m x n or n x m whose entries are i, 0 less than or equal to i less than or equal to r - 1. We shall prove that R-2(m, n) less than or equal to 2(m)(n - 1) + 2(m-1) - 1, Which generalizes the previous results R-2(2, n) less than or equal to 4n - 3 and R-2(3, n) less than or equal to 8n - 5 due to Beineke and Schwenk. Moreover, we find a class of lower bounds based on properties of orthogonal Latin squares which establishes that lim(r --> infinity) R-r(2, 2)r(-2) = 1. (C) 1999 Academic Press.221485

The dialogical approach to paraconsistency

Being a pragmatic and not a referential approach to semantics, the dialogical formulation of paraconsistency allows the following semantic idea to be expressed within a semi-formal system: In an argumentation it sometimes makes sense to distinguish between the contradiction of one of the argumentation partners with himself (internal contradiction) and the contradiction between the partners (external contradiction). The idea is that external contradiction may involve different semantic contexts in which, say A and inverted left perpendicular A have been asserted. The dialogical approach suggests a way of studying the dynamic process of contradictions through which the two contexts evolve for the sake of argumentation into one system containing both contexts. More technically, we show a new, dialogical, way to build paraconsistent systems for propositional and first-order logic with classical and intuitionistic features (i.e. paraconsistency both with and without tertium non-datur) and present their corresponding tableaux.1254167120123